Reflection On Depression - 1025 Words

Depression Who am I to judge? Occasionally, everyone will feel sad or upset when struggling with obstacles in their life. However, within a couple of days these feelings may pass. According to the Mayo clinic, â€Å"depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.† When I lost my ill husband, I experienced a depressive disorder that interfered with my daily life. My normal functions to move on didn’t make sense. While he was alive he took care of all the bills and insured that I was taking care of. It was a scary feeling to pick up the pieces where he left off and to continue living in this foreign country. The pain of this depressive order caused me to push anyone away from me, because I didn’t†¦show more content†¦Soldiers coming home from a long deployment may experience a change in behavior such as an angry outburst. This behavior could be caused over a simple matter as paying bills. Before the soldier went to war, they had one way and when they got back their love ones is doing another way. In turn, this may cause feelings of hopelessness and/or worthlessness because they feel that they are not needed. With as many as 170,000 men and women now returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, most will be going through psychological problems such as PTSD, anxiety, mood disorders and depression (Tyre 2004). A person may have trouble thinking or concentrating that could affect the way they make decisions. An individual may have trouble remembering things because of the lack of sleep or loses interest in most normal activities such as hobbies or sports. A person may typically have anxiety, agitation or restlessness caused by extreme stress. Sudden changes in appetite or weight loss or gain may be symptoms to look for in an individual with a major depressive disorder. With any illness such as depression a person may have suicidal thoughts or suicidal attempts that are not noticeable to even their friends or loved ones. However, understanding some of the causes or riskShow MoreRelatedReflection On Depression834 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter our lives. Although it was not ideal for me to develop depression I was empowered by it; I was also empowered by my family’s attitudes towards therapy. Because of my experience, I wanted to help other young people like myself as well as change attitudes surrounding therapy. My experience is what pushed me to become as social worker and my experience with depression can help me related to my clients who are experiencing depression. In addition to my immediate family, my extended family contributedRead MoreReflection Paper On Depression1207 Words   |  5 PagesReflection #3: Depression Depression is a category of mental illness that most often appears during the late teens. 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There have been times when people have noticed something on your face and your first reaction would be is to say where/what? or look at a reflection. What if there was something you couldn t see, because it was mental instead of physical. Something that is irritating, and at sometimes you couldnRead MoreSocial Self As Part Of Depression1051 Words   |  5 PagesAdding on to that, another study showed a culturally salient factor ,negative social self as constituting part of depression. (Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.225) This negative social self was found to cause hopelessness, poor self esteem, and control related beliefs. (Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.225) The study goes on to further state that culturally embedded stressors (Yamamoto et al. 1997, cited in Koh, Chang ,Fung and Kee 2007, p.226) strongly influences the phenomenological experiencesRead MoreReflection Paper : Reflections And My Mental State Of A Man Who Has Not Gone Through My Life1468 Words   |  6 PagesReflections 8/6 From what I read, I am supposedly going to become a better person by following the guide of a man who has not gone through my life and has not borne witness to my suffering. I know that considering my background and my mental state that reading this book will only make me angry for it seems to be a mockery of myself, a teen. I am nothing like a ‘teen’ I have matured much faster than I should have and have never been in trouble or done anything that requires me to ‘straighten up.’Read MoreCritical Analysis : I Stand Here Ironing 1175 Words   |  5 PagesMalky Fried Professor Reichman GLL-121-G-QK March 15, 2015 Critical Analysis The 1930’s was a difficult time for everyone, however the Great Depression was particularly hard on single, divorced, or widowed women. Faced with adversity, they had to shoulder both burdens of breadwinner and nurturer amid extreme destitution. It was a time of desperation for many families to survive. Work was scarce. Life was hard. FamiliesRead MoreAnalysis of Sylvia Plaths Mirror1281 Words   |  6 Pagesto a small town and their marriage began going worse. The poem is not simply about a mirror. This is a poem about self-realization, despair but also truth. We can see the poem as a reflection of Plath’s difficult life, but it’s also the women’s reflections in general. 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An Overview Of Learning Three Theoretical Perspectives Education Essay Free Essays

There are countless positions on the acquisition procedure, understanding the mechanisms of and our apprehension of larning as theory and the practical application of methodological analysis has evolved well over clip. Each theory contributes to our apprehension of how scholars integrate information and experiences from their environment. This has deductions for single growing and besides for institutional policy and pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview Of Learning Three Theoretical Perspectives Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper I will reexamine three theoretical positions on acquisition, viz. the Constructivist/Cognitivist position, the Phenomenographic position, and the Socio-cultural position, I will depict the salient characteristics and features of each theory, and compare the similarities and differences across positions. This will include a treatment of how learners entree information, make sense of that information, and act on it in deliberate and purposeful ways as a agency of prosecuting with the universe. From there I will look into what these larning theories emphasize or give relevancy to the constructs of context, significance, and experience. The assorted positions each have something to state about the relationship between context, significance, and experience as they relate to acquisition, nevertheless the importance of these nucleus constructs differs in how each theory conceptualizes acquisition, and the importance of the function of context, significance, and experience. Finally, I will reason with illustrations that bring these positions to life in my mundane experience, and I will adhere these theories together within a cohesive apprehension of acquisition and instruction as it relates to the interrelatedness of the constructs of intrinsic motive, fluctuation, and transportation. Three theoretical positions on larning There are legion theories of acquisition, each stressing a peculiar characteristic of the learning experience. Assorted theories of larning besides depict larning in different ways depending on the point of view of the perceiver. Each theory emphasizes thoughts related to context, significance, and experience in different ways as they relate to acquisition, both from the position of the scholar and from the instructor/teacher/coach/mentor. Constructivist/Cognitivist Perspective â€Å" Objectivity is the psychotic belief that observations could be made without an perceiver † ( von Foerster, 1995, pg. 5 ) The Constructivist theoretical orientation holds that cognition is acquired experientially, is mediated by our anterior apprehension, and is based on the belief that we learn by making instead than detecting, and that cognition is built upon old acquisition. â€Å" The indispensable nucleus of constructivism is that scholars actively construct their ain cognition and intending from their experiences ( Doolittle, pg 1 ) Piaget was chiefly concerned with cognitive buildings that occurred as a consequence of interactions with†¦ Constructivism emerged from early surveies of acquisition, behavior, and depth psychology, and the behavioral point of views of Watson, along with Kohler and Koffka ‘s Gestalt psychological science. ( Tools pg. 7 ) Constructivism as theoretical apprehension exists along a continuum from â€Å" weak † to â€Å" strong † signifiers constructivism This is an adaptative procedure whereby behaviors evolve to run into the altering demands of the environment, and knowledge serves to makes sense of subjective experience. ( Doolittle, 1999, 1 ) Constructivism emerged from schools of behaviorism and objectivism, which held that there was a cognizable nonsubjective world that existed independent of the person. Constructivism takes the position that meaningful personal experience is the footing of cognition and acquisition. Persons construct intending within a context of personal experience that is rooted in linguistic communication, civilization, and the societal experiences of each person. There can be no objectively verifiable truth or cognition within constructivism, as each single brings a alone position grounded in their ain old cognizing. Much of this cognition is silent and resides in the inexplicit memory of the scholar, but it exerts its influence and acts as a filter through which the person â€Å" sees † new information and relates it to their apprehension of the universe. Knowledge and therefore acquisition is constructed within the head of the person. Constructivism rejects the impression of an nonsubjective and cognizable world independent of the perceiver, and holds that cognition of the universe is constructed through the active cognitizing on the portion of persons. Constructivism rejects the impression of an oberver-independent universe in favor of cognition reflecting the subjective worlds of the perceiver. ( Glaserfeld, 1989, p. 3 ) Knowledge is non a representation of world, but alternatively a â€Å" aggregation of conceptual constructions that turn out to be adapted or, as I would manner, feasible within the cognizing topic ‘s scope of experience. ( Glaserfeld, 1989, p. 4 ) Within Cognitive constructivism ( account of strategy theory, accomodation, assimilation ) . Cognitive constructivism adheres to theoretical accounts of cognition building that consider the function of memory, cognitive concepts, and scheme without sing to the full the subjective nature of cognition as occupant within the head of the topic. Knowledge in this sense implies an internal representation that accurately reflects an observer-independent external world. ( Doolittle, 1999, 2 ) Extremist constructivism differs from cognitive constructivism by progressing the thought that larning is an adaptative procedure, and that it is observer-dependent and resides in a fluid and dynamic knowledge that considers the subjective experience of cognition building. Extremist constructivism, like societal constructivism, besides accepts societal interactions as informing cognition building. Social constructivism takes the position that societal interactions contribute to cognize, and views the societal and cultural context as grounding cognition â€Å" to a specific clip and topographic point. ( doolittle pg 4 ) These assorted positions exist on a continuum, nevertheless the most cardinal apprehensions are shared. We all hold memories of old experiences ; those collected memories and experiences, both tacit and explicit, go the lens through which we view our current unfolding world. Emerging grounds within the kingdom of neuroscience and interpersonal neurobiology may foretell farther homogenisation of constructivist doctrine and apprehension. Interpersonal neurobiology views the encephalon as a societal organ built through experience. This insight displacements Cognitive Constructivism farther along the continuum in the way of extremist and societal constructivism by imparting back uping grounds to the two staying epistemic dogmas, viz. that â€Å" knowledge organizes and makes sense of one ‘s experience, and that â€Å" knowing has roots in both biological/neurological building, and societal, cultural, and language-based interactions. † ( Doolittle, 1999 ) Learning is transactional, with experience act uponing cognitive building and the fictile cognitive buildings act uponing o ur experience in a dichotomy of experience and subjective world. As Carr provinces, â€Å" †¦ the turning organic structure of grounds makes clear that the memory inside our caputs is the merchandise of an inordinately complex natural procedure that is, at every blink of an eye, finely tuned to the alone environment in which each of us lives and the alone forms of experiences that each of us goes through. † ( Carr, 2010, P. ? ? ) Carr recounts some of the current research on memory and experience, and expands on the thought that our encephalon construction continuously changes with experience ; encephalon malleability, the turning and pruning of synaptic connexions over clip, changes our very memories and our remembrances of experience based on new experiences. ( Carr, 2010, p. 190 ) Researcher Kobi Rosenblum farther describes how memory, which in a sense is our recalled experience, can be a fictile and traveling mark. As he explains, â€Å" ..the human encephalon continues to treat information long after it is received, and the quality of memories depends on how the information is processed. † ( Carr, 2010, p. 191 ) Meaning within Cognitivist/Constructivist Perspective Meaning as significance for each position, but it is built-in to an apprehension of constructivism. Meaning is cardinal to the intentionality of scholars ; relevancy and significance enhance a scholar ‘s ability to associate with their universe. It besides relates to constructs of motive as it relates to a scholars sense of bureau and battle with their experience, ad it highlights the importance of civilization and linguistic communication as societal go-betweens of larning? ? ? ? â€Å" The importance of these memory mechanisms to the development of cognitive psychological science is that, one time understood, they make it really clear that a individual ‘s ability to retrieve points is improved if the points are meaningfully related to each other or to the individual ‘s bing cognition. The cardinal word here is meaningful. â€Å" Wynn pg.4 â€Å" What is meaningful to people is determined by what they can retrieve of what they have already learned † . Wynn pg 4 Opportunities for larning within a constructivist model occur most readily when what is being learned has relevancy or high emotional valency for the scholar ; in other words when information or experiences are meaningful. In order for larning to be meaningful it should be relatable to old cognition and experience. This building-block theoretical account of cognition and experience is wholly consistent with a scholar as meaning-maker. The deductions for learning and educational teaching method are that undertakings that have significance and relevancy tend to be of greater intrinsic involvement to scholars. Research on the experience of larning speaks to the importance of significance as it relates to knowledge building, and speaks of the importance of liberty, bureau, pick, and coaction in driving our instrinsic motivational desires to prosecute in meaningful undertakings, retrieve and remember information, self-organize, and be funny. A larning context rich in significance is important. Context within Cognitivist/Constructivist Positions Learning occurs most successfully at the intersection of a scholar ‘s old cognition of the universe and the experience of socially mediated interactions with others, and is influenced by all accumulated societal and cultural experiences. ( Bodrova A ; Leong, 2007, p. 9 ) The context for larning resides within the experience and imaginativeness of the scholar, and is rooted in anterior experience and is mediated by teachers/facilitators and the ecological scene or context. Within this larning context, Feuerstein describes the function of mediation. â€Å" The go-between creates in a individual an attack, a signifier of mention, a desire to understand phenomena, a demand to happen order in them, to understand the order that is revealed, and to make it for oneself. † ( Feuerstein, Feuerstein, A ; Falik, 2010, p. 37 ) Mediators can take many signifiers, but they portion in common an ability to potentiate a scholar ‘s ability to profit from larning experiences. In the absence of a go-between, even in instances where persons get cognition, they may non â€Å" understand its significance. † ( Feuerstein et al. , 2010, p. 37 ) Experience within Cognitivist/Constructivist Positions As scholars construct their ain experiential world within a societal and cultural context, the dyadic interactions that unfold connote a grade of coaction and battle with acquisition that is per se motivated by a meaningful context within which larning occurs/unfolds. Collaborative acquisition is by its nature socially constructed acquisition, where the involvement of scholars is cardinal, meaningful, and contextual. Decontextualized acquisition by contrast deficiencies a sense of connexion to the experience of acquisition. Prior experiences of larning are diminished when there is no meaningful context, and reliable experiential acquisition suffers. When pick around construction and content is collaboratively negotiated, scholars are granted a degree of liberty around how and what they learn, and experiences that are meaningful topographic point larning within a context more suited to the acquisition manner, ends, and precedences of the scholar. Kohn emphasizes these conditions of coaction, content, and pick, as making the conditions necessary for reliable and per se motivated larning to emerge. ( Kohn, ? ? ? ) Phenomenograpy/Variation Theory â€Å" There is no larning without understanding. And there is no understanding without fluctuation. † ( Marton, Trigwell, 2000 ) The theory of phenomenography is connected with the survey of human experience, peculiarly as it relates to educational research. Phenomenography examines believing and larning within the context of educational research, and seeks apprehension of â€Å" the different ways in which people experience, interpret, understand, perceive, or gestate a phenomenon, or certain facet of world. † ( Orgill, ? ? ? ? ) Marton defines phenomenography as â€Å" a qualitative research methodological analysis, within the interpretivist paradigm, that investigates the qualitatively different ways in which people experience something or believe about something † ( Marton, 1986 ) . One of the cardinal epistemic dogmas? ? ? related to Phenomenographic theory relates to constructs of fluctuation, understanding, and transportation. Marton postulates that in order for larning to happen, â€Å" †¦ at that place must needfully be a form of fluctuation nowadays to see, and this form must be experienced † . ( Marton, fluctuation, pg.1 ) . In order for larning to happen, scholars must see a broad scope of fluctuation in experience, with sameness or similarity lending small to our apprehension of experience. Variation and difference create a broader context for understanding experience, and besides spread out our repertory when meeting fresh state of affairss or fortunes. This transportation of acquisition is built-in to variation theory and a cardinal underpinning of phenomenography. Experiencing difference or fluctuation may be likened to experiences of cognitive disagreement within constructivist theoretical accounts of acquisition, where an single experiences disagreement and a disturbance and must set their construct of this new information within their existing paradigm. How we categorize, makes sens e of, or place with that difference relates to our understanding accomplishments. Discernment allows a topic to see or feel an experience â€Å" against the background of his or her old experiences of something more or less different. † ( Marton, pg.386 ) . In kernel, as topics experience greater fluctuation they become more attuned to progressively subtle differences between the â€Å" physical, cultural, symbolic, or animal universe † that they inhabit. ( Marton, pg 386 ) Every phenomenon that is experienced merely in contrast to jump experiences of the same phenomenon ( marton, pg 387 ) The deductions for teaching method centre on the use of the objects of fluctuation in order for scholars to see fluctuation, go expert at discerning, and reassign larning across state of affairss. â€Å" Excellence in instruction has really much to make with what facets of the object of larning are subjected to fluctuation, and what facets of the object are capable to fluctuation at the same time. † ( Marton, pg. 391 ) Subjects learn to pull off freshness as a consequence of holding experienced freshness through fluctuation. ( Marton, pg. 394 ) . Transportation is concerned with how â€Å" what is learned in one state of affairs affects or influences what the scholar is capable of making in another situation. â€Å" ( Marton, pg. 499 ) Meaning within Phenomenographic/Variation Theory Perspective Context within Phenomenographic/Variation Theory Perspective A construct that illuminates thoughts of context within the phenomenographic position relates to constructs of located acquisition. Situated in this case â€Å" refers to what surrounds the learning event ; that is, to the socially constructed life-world in which a peculiar case of larning occurs. † ( Sameness in transportation, pg. 511 ) Sameness and difference in larning and experience are acknowledged, nevertheless â€Å" †¦ the extent to which we can do usage of something we have learned in one state of affairs to manage another state of affairs is a mom Decision Learning is non merely geting new information and hive awaying it on top of the information we already have. It involves run intoing something unexpected ( what? ? ? might depict as a disturbance ) , something that can non be easy explained by those theories or apprehensions we have already developed. To decide that struggle we have to alter what we antecedently believed ( kohn, pg 187? ? ) This account is the tie that binds constructivism, fluctuation, theory and strategy theory to societal acquisition, along with thoughts of motive and personal bureau. How to cite An Overview Of Learning Three Theoretical Perspectives Education Essay, Essay examples

Business Ethical Dilemma Era of Globalization

Question: Describe about the Business Ethical Dilemma for the Era of Globalization. Answer: Part 1: Description In this era of globalization, ethics have emerged as an important dimension of business (Whitaker Godwin, 2013). Today, the stakeholders expect that the organizations and employees should have ethical standards. In an organizational setting, people often come across various ethical dilemmas (Frederickson, 2013). The ethical dilemmas or the moral dilemmas could also occur in peoples personal life. Here, I would like to discuss an ethical dilemma of my professional life. I have not used the real names of the people and the organizations involved. I was working as a procurement officer in a small spare parts manufacturing firm in Australia. The company (ABD Inc.) was a mid-size spare parts manufacturing unit of 250 employees. We were a team of 7 people who used to handle the procurement for the firm. Our task was to meet the suppliers, negotiate about the prices and do the quality check. Mark was the procurement manager and I used to report directly to Mark. We used to work in very tig ht schedules and Mark demonstrated good confidence in his team members. We were rarely questioned about the procurement deal that we made. As a part of our daily work, we had to meet several new suppliers in the region and compare their offerings with the offerings of the existing supplier. As a part of my daily work, I meet with a supplier Frank. He was able to give the supplies at a lower price. When I enquired I found out that he usually import the products from China and as a result Frank had the price advantage. However, his products were not high quality products. A random sampling of few products demonstrated that the products lacked reliability. Therefore, I did not have any deal with Frank and I updated the same in the internal system of the company and I communicated the same to Mark. The very next week, I received a call from Mark to discuss the deal with Frank. He told me that there is a cost pressure from the senior management and ABD Inc. should close the deal with Frank. I told him about the quality of the products and I told him that this deal should not be signed. He insisted to have the deal with Frank, as it would be beneficial for ABD INC., Mark and procurement team of the company. I was not able to understand this at the beginning. Later, Mark told me that Frank approached him and guaranteed monthly gifts for a minimum business for $5000. In fact, Mark forced me to have the deal with Mark. Personally, I did not want to compromise on the quality and this was the reason that I rejected Frank as a supplier. But, after the meeting with Mark, I was in a big ethical dilemma. I was not sure about the way out, I tried but I was not able to convince Mark. I finally decided to escalate the things to the manager of Mark. Sara was the manager of Mark and I told the entire incident to her. Mark was not happy with my decision and Sara decided to cancel any deal with Frank. It was a bad mark on the professional career of Mark. However, I believe that this decision was good for the company in long term. Therefore, I would rate my decision as 8 out of 10. Part 2: Analysis The decision of escalating the things to Sara could be discussed from the perspective of various ethical theories. The three normative ethical theories and dilemma can be discussed as: The egoism theory of ethics as explained by Gobble (2015) suggest organizational ethics more often than not begins and ends at the organizational chart illustrating the who reports. Designing an organization to survive and support change will take moving around the formal lines on the organizational chart for an organization to become flatter and collaborative (Gobble, 2015). Lorinkova, Pearsall and Sims Jr. (2013) suggest that although empirical researchers advocate empowerment leadership over directive leadership to enhance team performances, the empirical data is not clear that it supports enhancing team performances. Gobble (2015) suggest empowered leadership will use behavior that emphasizes collaborative decision making the focus more on the development of knowledge and experiencing positive in terpersonal relationships. The egoism theory is a traditional theory of ethics and virtue. After the egoism theory, various new theories have emerged that holds well in the contemporary field of management. However, the egoism theory is still used widely across different areas of ethics. This theory suggests that the action is morally right if the action promotes the self-interest of actor (Plunkett Sundell, 2013). The interest could be a short-term interest or a long-term interest. Generally, the ethical egoism is associated with the long-term interest of the actor (Chakraborty Kumar, 2013). This ethical theory deals only with the actor and not with the surroundings or the environment of the actor. In this theory, the analysis of any decision is based on the personal or the self-interest (Jefferson Sacks, 2015). The application of this theory on the above ethical dilemma would suggest that I should have taken the step that was best suited for me (Blackstone Rustroom, 2006). When I was in the situation, I considered the wellbeing of organization. The application of this theory suggests that I should have analyzed the situation from my perspective (Elina Erika, 2012). For me, probably, the best alternative was to agree to the Marks decision. This way, I would hav e gathered his trust and confidence. It would have helped me to get early promotion. The egoism theory of normative ethics has the drawback that it could not be used from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. This theory provides only a singular view of the problem or issue at hand (Forcehimes, 2015). Based on my admittedly limited understanding of organizational design and ethics, I would argue that the egoism theory of normative ethics has had enduring impact on organizational design and ethics. I do believe, however, that it is difficult to separate completely the personal perspective and the organizational perspective when dealing with the ethical dilemmas in the professional scenarios (Ferrell, 2014). Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, but is usually related to the well being of sentient entities (Sternberg, 2012). The advocates of this theory believe that a successful organizational ethical values requires a deep understanding of the context for which the organization is being designed. This requires an understanding of the environment in which the firm operates, the business strategies and models it will use to compete, and the capabilities it needs to compete. The utilitarianism theory of ethics suggests that the decision should have increased my utility (Kaufmann Carter, 2011). Now, there are different ways to define the utility. Personally, I think that my utility is enhanced when my organization does well (Michael Greg, 2014). Therefore, in the context of above ethical dilemma, this theory would suggest that I had taken a correct decision (Mulvey, 2012). In an organizational setting, this theory can work bests when there is a synchronization in the definition of the utility of various stakeholders. According to Frooman (1999) to be really useful to a firm trying to manage its stakeholders, stakeholder theory must provide an account of how stakeholders try to manage a firm (p. 192). The first step to managing conflicting needs of stakeholders is to conduct a stakeholder analysis and determine which stakeholder group will have the greatest impact and conversely which organizational action will have the greatest impact onto the stakeholder group (Wood, 2012). According to Frooman (1999) urgency, legitimacy, and power are key stakeholders attributes, which an organization needs to pay attention (p. 193). To ignore or alienate stakeholders means the likelihood of failure (Boatright, 2006). The dilemma in utilitarianism theory of ethics is prioritizing which stakeholders have the most influence (Taran Bett, 2015). There are so many opinio ns and not all bear the same weight. A considerable action plan for these voices is in stakeholder mapping in order to prioritize interests and influence. Two main areas where stakeholders have the most influence that companies consider is in urgency and power (Ingenbleek Immink, 2010). Companies can identify the levels of stakeholder influence and strategize how to avoid the more contentious directions, focus on areas of common interests, or persuade, educate, or possibly reject stakeholder input (Taran Brett, 2015, p. 60). The most effective route of managing conflict appears to be in anticipating the conflict, identifying urgency, and either recognizing stakeholder power or who to give power to. This approach maximizes a best-case scenario (Mari Anna, 2013). In the end, there will most likely still be stakeholders whose wants were not met and are unsatisfied with company decisions. As the saying goes, you cant please everyone. The bottom line of utilitarianism ethical theory i s that the overall utility of the actor should be increased and I can say that this happen in my case (Knights, 2006). For me, the utility was all about the organizational values and wellbeing and my decision was able to safeguard and upheld the organizational values. It can be said that the utilitarianism theory of ethics is used widely in various personal and professional areas. The organizations have been using the utilitarianism theory of ethics to develop an ethical culture in the organization. It also enables the organization to uphold the moral values within the organization. Immanuel Kant gave the ethics theory of duty. He viewed knowledge of and acting on ones duty as the key element. Indeed, he saw context as being of minor importance (Cassirer, 2016). This ethical theory suggests that the action should be based on the duty (Huhtala Feldt, 2013). In the above case of ethical dilemma, there are two ways to apply this theory. Case 1: I can apply this theory as I have a duty towards my manager This case would suggest that I should fulfill all the request of my manager as that is the part of my duty (Ess, 2002). It means that I should not have escalated the things to Sara. It was my duty to obey Mark and the ethical practice was to agree to whatever Mark had to say. This theory suggests that duty is the priority of the employees of the organization and it is important that all the stakeholders of the organization must fulfill all their duties. Case 2: I can apply this theory as I have a duty towards my organization This case would suggest that the employees should look for long-term duties and not short-term duties. With the bigger picture in mind, I can realize that I was serving my organization and I was not serving my manager (Boening, 2006). Therefore, any commitment of duty, that I had, was towards the organization and not the manager. This case would suggest that my action to escalate the things to Sara was a good step as it helped the organization to avoid any trouble in the later point of time. It is expected that the employees would continue to show high ethical standards towards their organization. It is also important that the organizations should create a platform where employee can fulfill their ethical duties. This theory suggests that the people should act rationally in the moral and ethical dilemmas (Jung, 2010). The advocates of this theory suggest that man is the moral actor and the actions should be based on the duty that binds the man with the organization (Elspeth Susan, 2012). The Kant theory is also used widely in the organizations. This theory of ethics has gained far wider acceptance in the large organizations and it is expected that the use of this theory would further increase in the professional setting. All the above theories have practical implications in the contemporary field of management. It is important that the people should have a holistic understanding of these theories before selecting any particular theory. Part 3: Self Reflection When I look back at the ethical dilemma, I have a feeling of satisfaction as I feel that I took the right course of action. In my opinion, understanding and acting to address the ethical and strategic interests of all stakeholders is essential if organizations are to avoid public battles with stakeholders that damage trust and create ill will (Minka, 2014). Still, I am not sure what I should have done differently. Perhaps there are simply some circumstances when doing all the right things still produces unfavorable results. When I analyze the application of the three theories to the decision that I took, I feel happy with the utilitarianism ethical theory. I feel happy with this theory as this theory suggests that my action was correct. I am personally, not very happy with the application of egoism theory of ethics as this theory considers only my views and perspective and not the perspective of organization. This is the reason that the decision that I took is not in line with the application of egoism theory of ethics in this ethical dilemma. I even like the Kants theory of duties. I think, the application of this theory is in line with my decision if consider my duty and my loyalty towards the organization. I have personally liked the utilitarianism ethical theory as this theory considers the viewpoint of various stakeholders in the organization. If I were in the same situation again, I would take the same decision. I do not want to go against my manager. However, I would do this if my decision is for the long-term benefit of the organization as in the end, me and my manager serves the organization. I agree with Mark that for-profit organizations need to balance the interests of all of their stakeholders, but that they must also generate profits for shareholders and ethical values for the organization. If I am in the same situation I would again escalate the things as it would be morally correct path. I can say that I have learned a lot from this ethical dilemma. All the three theories of normative ethics are effective. The application of these theories can vary based on the individual cases (Chao Chen, 2016). It is important that the people should realize that the application of these theories could produce different results. In the end, right or wrong are very subjective terms and the definition of the words like ethics and moral values can change from people to people and from organization to organization. I believe that it is important that the right and wrong at the personal level should match with the right and wrong at the organizational level. It would enable the organizations to get the maximum from the employees and it would also ensure that the employees can work with high ethical standards. References Boatright, JR 2006, What's wrong-and what's right-with stakeholder management Journal Of Private Enterprise, 21(2), 1-25 Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/215103986?accountid=7374 Boening, MV Blackstone, T McKee, M Rustrom, E 2006, Benefit packages and individual behavior: choices over discrete goods with multiple attributesManagerial Decision Economics 27 (6), 511-526 Cassirer, HW, 2016, A commentary on Kant's Critique of Judgement Chakraborty S, Kumar H 2013, `Work Life Balance (WLB): A Key to Organizational Efficacy`, Aweshkar Research Journal,15(1), p62-70. Chao, MCH, Li, F, Chen, H 2016, Perceived ethicality of moral choice: the impact of ethics codes, moral development, and relativism Nankai Business Review International, 7(2). Elina R, Anna ML, Johanna K, Erika H, 2012, "The ethical culture of organisations and organisational innovativeness", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol 15 Iss: 3, pp310 331. Ehrgott, M, Reimann, F, Kaufmann, L, Carter, CR 2011, Social sustainability in selecting emerging economy suppliers. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(1), 99-119. Elspeth NT, Susan MF, Andrea H, 2012, "Kinship, culture and ethics in organisations: Exploring implications for internal communication", Journal of Communication Management, Vol 16 Iss: 2, pp162 184. Ess, C 2002, Ethical decision-making and Internet research: Recommendations from the aoir ethics working committee. Ferrell, O. C, Fraedrich, J 2014,Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases Cengage learning. Forcehimes, AT, 2015, On LW Sumners Normative Ethics and MetaethicsEthics,125(4), pp1142-1144. Frooman, J 1999, Stakeholder influence strategies Academy Of Management Review, 24(2), 191-205. Frederickson, HG and Ghere, RK, 2013,Ethics in public management ME Sharpe Gobble, MM 2015, Designing for change Research Technology Management, 58(3), 64-66 doi:105437/08956308X5803005. Huhtala, M, Feldt, T, Hyvonen, K, Mauno, S 2013, Ethical organisational culture as a context for managers personal work goals Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 265-282. Jefferson, G, Korbut, A, Sacks, H and Schegloff, E, 2015, A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Jung, D et al 2010, Chinese CEOs Leadership Styles and Firm PerformanceJournal of Asia Business Studies, 4(2), p73-79. Ingenbleek, PTM, Immink, VM 2010, Managing conflicting stakeholder interests: An exploratory case analysis of the formulation of corporate social responsibility standards in the netherlands American Marketing Association Retrieved from https://lopesidmoclcorg/login?url=https://searchebscohostcom/loginaspx?direct=truedb=edsjsrAN=edsjsr20798395site=eds-livescope=site. Knights, D, OLeary, M 2006, Leadership, ethics and responsibility to the other, Journal of Business Ethics, 67 (2), pp 125137. Lorinkova, NM, Pearsall, MJ, Sims Jr, HP 2013, Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 573-596 doi:105465/amj20110132. Mari H, Maiju K, Anna ML, Taru F, 2013, "Ethical managers in ethical organisations? The leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ culture connection among Finnish managers", Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol 34 Iss: 3, pp250 270. Michael C, Greg W, 2014, "The engagement with business ethics: An Australian journey 1995-2010", European Business Review, Vol 26 Iss: 4, pp286 304 Mulvey, G J, Hill, JD 2012, International Business and Meteorology: Special Ethical DilemmasBulletin of the American Meteorological Society,93(11), 1745-1747. Plunkett, D and Sundell, T, 2013, Disagreement and the semantics of normative and evaluative terms. Rissanen, Minka, Lofstrom, Erika Students research ethics competences and the university as a learning environment, International Journal for Educational IntegrityNov2014, Vol 10 Issue 2, p17-30 14p. Sternberg, R 2012, Teaching for ethical reasoning International Journal of Educational Psychology, 1(1), 35-50. Taran, Z, Betts, S 2015, Corporate social responsibility and conflicting stakeholder interests: Using matching and advocacy approaches to align initiatives with issues Journal of Legal, Ethical Regulatory Issues, 18(2), 55-61 Retrieved from https://lopesidmoclcorg/login?url=https://searchebscohostcom/loginaspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=111483052site=eds-livescope=site. Van Boening, M, Blackstone, T, McKee, M, Rutstrom, E 2006, 'Benefit packages and individual behavior: choices over discrete goods with multiple attributes'Managerial Decision Economics, 27, 6, pp 511-526, Business Source Complete. Whitaker, BG and Godwin, LN, 2013, The antecedents of moral imagination in the workplace: A social cognitive theory perspectiveJournal of Business Ethics,114(1), pp61-73. Wood, J L, Hilton, AA 2012, Five Ethical Paradigms for Community College Leaders Toward Constructing and Considering Alternative Courses of Action in Ethical Decision MakingCommunity College Review,40(3), 196-214.

With the help of a Union Victory during the Civil Essay Example For Students

With the help of a Union Victory during the Civil Essay war, the reconstruction era had pushed forth bringing with it social and constitutional developments that evolved into an abyss of controversy and debate. Occurring mainly between the years 1860-1877, these developments necessitated a change. The social and constitutional developments, although they may have seemed beneficial at the time, would lead to a revolution in the future and continue to do so in today?s world. A major premise in the beginning of the Civil War had been the issue of state?s rights. It had been clearly demonstrated that the federal government lacked too great authority when South Carolina had seceded from the nation. It had shown virtual nullification of federal authority in doing so, per their interpretations of the 10th amendment to the Constitution, which states that, declared powers not delegated to the United States?are reserved to the states Thus, in the years following the Civil War, federal government worked on expanding its authority. We will write a custom essay on With the help of a Union Victory during the Civil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A step towards this direction had been shown when amendments such as the 13th (abolishment of slavery), 14th (citizenship for Blacks), and 15th (Black male suffrage), had been passed. Gideon Wells, Lincoln?s former Secretary of the Navy, had thought that these premises could be accomplished by constitutional means, (once again increasing the authority of the federal government).However, civil rights for Black Americans, he felt, held no warrant for the authority of the federal government, thus necessitating change. This had been affirmed in a petition of Black Americans in a Union convention (occurring in 1865 as stated in a diary entry by Gideon Wells). In the petition, they had asked that since they had been allotted space to fight in the United States Army, they also should have the rights to express their sentiment through voting. Once again, it was an opportunity necessitating further enhancement of the power of the federal government and thus needing change. Aside from constitutional developments that were debated and examined during 1860-1877, a number of social developments took place that set the foundation for a revolution to amount in the future. In an effort to obtain their own land, the freedmen had petitioned to the commissioner of the Freedman?s Bureau and to the President, asking why they had not been allowed to hold the homesteads they were allowed by the government. This was another premise, which showed a lack of federal power and was further enhanced with the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1877, which negated most of which the 14th amendment stood for. Shown in the cover of an issue of the Harper?s Weekly was a Black American voting in the year 1867. However, due to acts such as the Black Codes and ineffectiveness of the military in the South, groups such as the Ku Klux Klan infringed upon the liberty and freedoms of the Black Americans. This idea is also shown in a cartoon by Thomas Nast, which depicts a Black family under the wrath of white supremacy. The period between 1860-1877 showed governmental weakness due to lack of federal power. Advocated had begun to arise that argued for rights of Black Americans, such as Booker T. Washington, but not to the effect of changing the ideals of the time. The stage, however, was now set for a new type of advocacy; a new type of revolution.

America, Not Untouchable After All essays

America, Not Untouchable After All essays America, often seen as the worlds safe haven and leader in defense, has failed to live up to this status. As the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon deteriorated on national television, so did the United States citizens sense of invincibility. We no longer have the feeling that we are immune from terrorist rage. Gone is the feeling of personal safety of our friends and family. This imagined sense of invulnerability was created over the years from various components. First of all, the basic integrity of American democracy gives the assumption that no enemy could remain angry with us for very long. Secondly, it was assumed that no one in their right mind would take on Americas highly technological security operation. Third, it was unimaginable to think that our technocrats could be outsmarted by what we underestimated to be peasants living in the worlds almost medieval areas. This false sense of security instilled in the majority of Americans minds collapsed in a mess of smoke, ashes, and some thousands of bodies as the attack on Americas foundations of military and financial power was executed as foully planned. In reality, there was never any concrete reason to believe the United States was completely out of harms way. but our trusted leaders definitely gave us several logical ones. Even when the World Trade Center towers were initially bombed in 1 993, our sense of strength was actually reassured, not weakened. The towers stood. The losses were not nearly comparable to what happened on September 11, 2001. The guilty party was caught, security increased, and life resumed as usual. Now, selling Americans on the thought of a world kept peaceful by America will be much more difficult. Our concept of invulnerability has been corrupted. Assessing reality will involuntarily been done in a much harsher light. ...

Euphemisms for Job Loss

Euphemisms for Job Loss Euphemisms for Job Loss Euphemisms for Job Loss By Maeve Maddox The unfortunate occasion of being dismissed from employment can be expressed in numerous ways. Some of the more familiar expressions are: to be made redundant to receive a pink slip to be dismissed to be discharged to be laid off to be let go to lose one’s job to be fired to be got rid of to be booted out to be given the boot to get the sack to be sacked to be given one’s marching orders to get the ax/axe These homely expressions still appear in headlines: Pentagon gives pink slips to thousands of soldiers, including active-duty officers Digital strategy to axe tens of thousands of central government jobs Thousands of Woolworths staff face sack in Christmas week Thousands of Doctors Fired by United Healthcare However, when it comes to carefully worded announcements issued by people doing the firing, today’s reader must exercise advanced skills of textual interpretation. Here are some of the ways firing people is described by public relations officers: realigning the workforce reallocating resources focusing on involuntary attrition rightsizing the company offering unpaid leave with the option to pursue new employment eliminating redundancy smart-sizing the company redeploying workers rewiring for growth eliminating positions rethinking our future adjusting to shifts in demand rebalancing human capital re-engineering simplifying streamlining going in another direction And my personal favorite: decruiting. decruit (verb): to remove people working for an organization from their jobs because they are no longer needed. Clearly modeled on the word recruit, this poor little misshapen invention is already being used without scare quotes: the phenomenon of companies announcing their various intentions to decruit vast numbers of people.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œStanley Bing, Fortune. Teach leaders what they must know to decruit workers when necessary. –from a brochure for a business leader workshop sponsored by Penn State. Let go of the unalterable agents. If you can’t change their work habits, then change their work place. Decruit them. Let them go. –â€Å"Tips to Lead Your Company to Success,† Miami Association of Realtors. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementArtist vs. Artisan

Career Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Development - Assignment Example l companies  choose  to search for candidates via their own  private  system  where each candidate  has been recognized  by a known source, and this can result to a high â€Å"hit rate† of productive hires for the procedure. The â€Å"push†Ã‚  factor  involves reaching out to the  possible  employers and  likely  co-workers. This should be done on a social basis as a student, colleague or a  mentor  and not as a job seeker. Through this, I am able to push through the job opportunity. Despite the reason, I must  recognize  the above reality, and the best method to handle the  unseen  job market is to reach out for it. To accomplish this, I must be able to  seek  out for  job  chances that might be present or will be  present, and those that do exist (Joyce, 2008). I  believe  that where there is smoke, there is  fire.  Therefore, as I look at  job  chances in  specific  companies, there is the probability that more opportunities  are not listed.  If at all they are hiring, then that indicates that there are other opportunities either available for  hire, or are soon-to-be approved (Joyce, 2008). I should not  submit  applications for incompatible jobs to try and  get  others. However, use the contact order to  commence  the networking into the company. In the course of my own  association, I  observe  who I can get in touch with to inquire about other chances that may be coming up at the company. It is  crucial  that I connect with friends and neighbors.  Because I  am unemployed  at the moment, I  keep  the  pride  away  and connect with friends and neighbors. Through this, I am able to  ask  everyone if they know â€Å"who is hiring?† This is another method to  begin  the exploratory  procedure  I must  utilize  to  dive  into the jobs that  are hidden. It is  significant  to  see  into the future. Appeal for informational or  casual  interview  is a  means  for  being considered  for  potential  opportunities. Various hiring directors love to  maintain  their

Health Care Accreditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Accreditation - Essay Example These accreditations are important for clinics because customers tend to trust clinics that have such accreditations. The accreditation of Minnesota Hospital Price Check is not quite compulsory for Mayo Clinic but it is quite important to the patient as such accreditations aid patients in comparing the cost they will be paying for acquiring services. To obtain accreditation, a clinic has to first write an application letter to the accreditation company such as the Joint Commission, next the company provides details about what they will be evaluating and what are the standards, next the company conducts a survey of the clinic and if the clinic is operating according to the standard, the clinic gains accreditation. All accreditations last for a limited period of time, after this period, companies need to gain reaccredited. The process of getting reaccredited starts with an application sent to the accreditation company, the company then conducts an onsite survey and desk assessment and then decide whether to provide accreditation or not. If the organization is expected to loose or has lost its accreditation, the consequences are that consumer stop trusting that company and they start preferring other companies or clinics. " Top Performers on Key Quality Measures | Joint Commission." Accreditation, Health Care, Certification | Joint Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2012.

A point in life Essay Example for Free

A point in life Essay I have come to a point in life that many people have not. I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck. I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life. Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. This is why I have chosen to apply for a course in Nursing at the Saint Xavier University. I have always wanted to help change the world. As a child, I believed that if everyone did their own little part in taking that extra step to help others, the world would be a much better place for everyone. The stark reality of it all hit me not long after that but it did not lessen my resolve. I figured that if so many people I knew did not want to do their part in changing the world then I would probably have to do their share. This is where my motivation to pursue nursing comes from; the drive to go the extra mile just to make a difference in this world. I see my goal in life as similar to that of Nurse Leader Mary Breckenridge in that I know that nursing plays a very important role in the world today. There are few jobs and professions that are as rewarding as nursing. While other jobs may get more publicity, the role that nurses play in the health care industry is highly valued and appreciated. My motivation has to do with the fact that nursing is one of the ways by which I am able to do something that I really want to do in my life and that is to care and help other people. More importantly, I greatly feel that by taking up nursing I will be able to make a difference in this world much like Mary Breckenridge has done. Pursuing my career in nursing is just the first step in my plan. Much like Nurse Leader Mary Breckenridge has done, I too want to be just more than a nurse. I would like to have the opportunity to take a bigger role in making the world a better place to live. My main philosophy in life is to lead by setting an example. I cannot expect others to do what I myself would be willing to do but that does not mean that I cannot hope that others will see the example that I have shown them. This philosophy is one of the many forces that drive me to pursue my dream of pursuing a career in nursing and of becoming so much more in life. The chance to help those who are less fortunate in life, the chance to help people like myself, the opportunity to be of service to humanity; these are the reasons why I have selected nursing as the profession that I will pursue; for, as Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Media Violence Essay -- essays research papers fc

Machine gun fire, explosions, and screams for help are only a few of the sounds that can be heard emanating from a child’s bedroom today, while his parents listen nervously just outside his door. Horrified, these parents shake their heads ruefully, wondering at the power of entertainment available for kids nowadays. Sometimes they even argue whether it is right for their child to have access to this sort of violence: the kind found in most video games, television shows, and movies all over the world. But honestly, does it make a difference in the child’s development as a productive member of society, and if so, can a parent really do anything about it? These are the questions that researchers of the subject hope to answer conclusively In order to understand how media violence has an effect on children, different variables must first be examined. To begin with, children of various ages understand what they are watching very differently. Most of it depends on the length of their attention spans, the way they go about processing their information, the amount of mental effort that they put in, and their own life experiences. These stages are broken up into five parts. The first part is the effects on infants. Infants or children up to 18 months old can â€Å"Pay attention to an operating television set for short periods of time, but the attention demands a great effort and infants are more interested in their own activities.†1 Even when it seems that they are focusing on the television, infants will usually not be able to comprehend what is going on. They take it as a bunch of â€Å"Fragmented displays of light and sound†, which they can only recognize and put together certain pieces and characters. Although there is no evidence yet as to the effect of media violence on infants, there is still evidence that infants may imitate some behavior that they have seen on television. The toddler period begins at roughly two-and-a-half to three years old. It is at this point that they begin to pay more attention to the television when it is on. They also begin to develop a minute capability to take some meaning out of what they watch. They are also more likely to copy what they see on television. Children, who are at preschool age, three to five years old, start watching television with the intent of understanding the content. They are drawn to fast-pacing images, which tend to b... ...t of violent games will grow up to be violent. But just as every cigarette increases the chance that someday you will get lung cancer, every exposure to violence increases the chances that someday a child will behave more violently than they otherwise would.†3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Bibliography 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wendy L. Josephson, Ph.D. (1995). Television Violence: A Review of the Effects on Children of Different Ages. Retrieved Nov.17, 2004. Media Awareness Network. http://stauffer.queensu.ca/inforef/instruct/tv1.htm 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Michael Craig Miller, (2000). Does Violence In The Media Cause Violent Behavior? Nov.18, 2004. Harvard Mental Health Letter. http://www.health.harvard.edu/medline/Mental/M901c.html 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Senator Orrin G. Hatch, (1999). Children, Violence, And The Media. Nov.18, 2004. Senate Judiciary Committee Media Violence Report. http://www.senate.gov/~judiciary/mediavio.htm 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saul Kassin, (2004), Psychology. Retrieved Nov.19, 2004 New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN NOVEMBER 23, 2004

What do you find particularly memorable in the language the poet uses in Caged Bird?

In the poem, Caged Bird, by Maya Angelou, the language has been employed effectively. She has defined her own structure, so as to find the sound, tempo and rhythm that are most suitable for this poem. The imagery, as well as the sounds, with which the poet uses to aid in the conveyance of her message and ideals, has been executed effectively. Furthermore, the use of contrast and comparison is central to the poem and is presented in a powerful, albeit straightforward manner. Angelou has chosen to shape the structure of a poem to benefit her own ideals, and has achieved this remarkably. This is apparent as, even though each line has a different number of beats, the first line only having four, the second, having six and the fourth having five, the poem in its entirety is still lyrical and musical, and this lyrical style ties in with the poem's image, that of a caged bird, which â€Å"sings with a fearful trill†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By opting not to constrain her poem through the use of rigid meters, rhythm and general structure, each stanza, or rather, each line contributes to the poem's overall idea. Whilst the structure is integral to the poem, so is the use of enjambment. In the first stanza, the structure is smooth and the words flow continuously. The poet has employed enjambment to help make the verse sound more free and boundless, in accordance with the image of a free bird, which â€Å"leaps on the back of the wind†. The structure of the stanzas do not inhibit the meaning of them, but instead, helps to develop them, and it is this skill with which Angelou writes that makes the poem as a whole, effective and memorable. Moreover, Angelou has employed imagery to her advantage in this poem. By using strong, connotative words, she has created a stronger image for the reader to imagine. Her use of effective and clear adjectives, as well as strong, effective metaphors, create a compelling picture which helps the reader to visualize the â€Å"dawn-bright lawn† and â€Å"sighing trees†, thereby enabling the reader to clearly understand the image. The metaphors allow the reader to comprehend the poet's vision, and this is used again when she writes â€Å"the caged bird stands on the grave of dreams† as well as the lines, â€Å"dips his wing in the orange sun's rays†. This use of strong adjectives and stronger metaphors help to clearly impress upon the reader the image which the poet has intended for us to envision. Additionally, Angelou has utilized sound to its greatest effect in each of the poem's stanzas. This has been done to help set the overall tone of the verse and the entire poem. The reader can see this in the first stanza, where Angelou has used softer, longer vowel and consonant sounds to help add to the soft, carefree atmosphere of the stanza. This can be seen with words like â€Å"free†, â€Å"leaps†, and â€Å"floats†. This is again seen in the fourth stanza, through the use of sounds that accentuate the softness of the ambience, which is apparent in the words, â€Å"breeze†, â€Å"soft†, and â€Å"sighing†. In contrast to this, harder, shorter vowel and consonant sounds help to illustrate the bleak, wretched atmosphere of the cage in stanzas two and five. These sounds are used in â€Å"stalks†, â€Å"clipped†, and â€Å"scream†. This use of sound throughout the poem helps the reader to understand the contrasting atmos pheres and the overall tone of the poem. Angelou has centred her poem on the contrast and comparison of the free bird and the caged bird. This contrast portrays the differences between the lives of these two birds. In the first stanza, the free bird â€Å"floats downstream† and â€Å"dips his wings in the orange sun's rays†. This helps the reader to understand the carefree nature of the free bird. In contrast, in the second stanza, the caged bird â€Å"stalks down his narrow cage† and his â€Å"wings are clipped and his feet are tied†. This contrast between the free bird and the caged bird is an effective method, which Angelou enlists, to convey her beliefs and to ensure that the reader can understand her intentions, as well as making the poem memorable and appealing. Angelou has effectively written her poem, and in the process has made it memorable. Her choice not to follow a standard structure has proven fulfilling, as her structure has successfully expressed her message. In addition, the imagery with which she portrays her visualization has helped to impress an image upon the reader, which is helped by the use of different sounds through the poem that enables the reader to fully grasp the mood of the stanzas. This, in turn, helps the contrast and comparisons in the poem to be made more prominent, which ultimately allows Angelou to successfully convey her message, that of the luxuries of freedom, and, in comparison, the bonds of an oppressive society.

Organisational Performance and Customer Satisfaction Equation.

As the Chief Executive Officer of Sierra Lighthouse Hotel Freetown, I’ve been provided with an Organisational Performance and Customer Satisfaction equation: Consumer Expected Quality – Organisational Actual Quality = Customer Perceived Quality EQ > AQ => Dissatisfaction EQ = AQ => Mere Satisfaction AQ > EQ => Delighted Customer An Organization Performance includes multiple activities, that help in establishing the goals of the organization, and monitor the progress towards the target. It is used to make adjustments to accomplish goals more efficiently and effectively. Organization Performance is what business executives and owners are usually frustrated about. This is so because, even though the employees of the company are hard-working, and are busy doing their tasks, their companies are unable to achieve the planned results. Results are achieved more due to unexpected events and good fortune rather than the efforts made by the employees. Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is part of the four of a Balanced Scorecard. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a strategic performance management tool – a semi-standard structured report supported by proven design methods and automation tools that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by staff within their control and monitor the consequences arising from these actions. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy. Organizations need to retain existing customers while targeting non-customers. Measuring customer satisfaction provides an indication of how successful the organization is at providing products and/or services to the marketplace. Customer satisfaction is an abstract concept and the actual manifestation of the state of satisfaction will vary from person to person and product/service to product/service. The state of satisfaction depends on a number of both psychological and physical variables which correlate with satisfaction behaviors such as return and recommend rate. The level of satisfaction can also vary depending on other factors the customer, such as other products against which the customer can compare the organization's products. Consumer Expected Quality – Organisational Actual Quality = Customer Perceived Quality Analyzing the equation showing how it could lead to all the possible customer perception outcomes: EQ ; AQ =; Dissatisfaction EQ = AQ =; Mere Satisfaction AQ ; EQ =; Delighted Customer The above figure provides a view of the process in which customers needs and expectations are translated into output during the design, production and delivery process. True consumer needs and expectations are called Expected Quality ( EQ ). EQ is what the customer assumes will be received from the product. The producer identifies these needs and expectations and translates them into specification for products and services. Actual Quality ( AQ ) is the outcome of the production process and what is delivered to the customer. AQ may differ considerably from EQ. This difference happens when information gets lost or misinterpreted from one step to the next. Perceived Quality ( PQ ) is the customer's perception of the overall quality or superiority of a product or service with respect to its intended purpose, relative to alternatives. The quality of the product may considerably differ form what the customer actual receives. Because PQ derives customer behavior, this area is where producers should really concentrate. Any difference between the EQ and AQ can cause either a delighted customer ( AQ > EQ ) or dissatisfied customer ( EQ> AQ ), but when EQ = AQ results in merely satisfied customer. EQ > AQ = Dissatisfaction This is were in the actual quality of a product or service is greater than what the customer expected I. e. the expected quality. Example, a person may have heard only good things about the food at Sierra Lighthouse restaurant and decides to eat there. The food is expensive since it’s a five star hotel. Upon arrival he orders a dish and instead of being served within 20 minutes like it’s suppose to be the dish comes after 45 minutes. The customer tastes the food and it’s tasteless, the customer would be dissatisfied and would never visit Sierra Lighthouse. The customer would also tell his friends and family about his/her bad experience and they too would never visit Sierra Lighthouse. EQ = AQ = Mere satisfaction This is were in the what a customer expects ( EQ ) is exactly what the customer gets ( AQ ). Example, a person is used to eating grilled shrimps at Kimbima’s Restaurant then a friend comes along and offer to take him/her to Sierra Lighthouse for Dinner. The customer orders grilled shrimps at the Sierra Lighthouse and when customer taste the food it’s tastes the same as Kimbima’s. The customer would have a mere satisfaction because that’s the taste he/she has been used to already. All the customer would have is another place to eat his/her favourite dish in case Kimbima runs out of shrimps. AQ > EQ = Delighted Customer This is were in what a customer gets from a product or service ( AQ ) is more than what the customer expected ( EQ ). Example, a person is used to eating Pizza at King David’s restaurant and one day a friend tells him the pizza at Sierra Lighthouse is better. The person decides to visit Sierra Lighthouse with already high perception of the pizza prepared there. The customer orders a large pizza and was told that by ordering a large pizza he/she gets 1 small pizza free. When the pizza arrived and the customer tasted it, it was more delicious than he/she imagined. The customer was delighted because he/she not only at a very delicious pizza but he had an extra one to go home. As the CEO of Sierra Lighthouse Hotel I would like to show in details how I can create dissatisfaction, mere satisfaction and Delight in my customers using my hotel. A Japanese professor Noriaki Kano, suggests three classes of customer requirements: Dissatisfiers Satisfiers Exciters/Delighters Dissatisfiers- These are linked to customer dissatisfaction. These are requirements that are expected by customers in a product or service which are generally not stated by a customer but assumed to be there. If these features are not present the customer would be dissatisfied. Example, a customer takes a room at Sierra Lighthouse hotel for a week, he/she knows that it is a five star hotel and it should have certain standards. Five star hotels most have a hair drier, hot water, air condition, towels ( both bath and hand towels ), 24 hour electricity, internet connection and cable TV. The customer who is a woman after unpacking and going for a shower and washing her hair realizes there is no hair drier. The customer would be dissatisfied because it is a most for a five star hotel to have a hair drier in their bathrooms. Satisfiers- These are linked to mere customer satisfaction. These are requirements that customers say they want. Although these requirements are generally not expected fulfilling them creates satisfaction. Example, a customer calls and books a room at Sierra Lighthouse and tell us if possible he/she would like a room with a bath tub and a balcony with sea view if possible. When the customer is show his/her room it’s exactly what he/she asked for, the customer would be merely satisfied because he/she know that my hotel would always meet customer wants. Exciters/Delighters- These are linked to delighted customer. These are requirements that a customer doesn’t ask for or expect. These requirements are generally not asked for or expected but are offer to create delight. Example, a customer calls from over seas and books a room with Sierra Lighthouse hotel and gives us the date and time of his arrival. The hotel sends a car to the airport to pick up the customer, the customer would be delighted. This is because he/she didn’t ask or expected to be picked up but was delighted to see that the hotel offered an extra service. The effects of the three possible performance outcomes on the profitability or other wise of the organisation: Dissatisfaction When a customer’s expectation about a product or service is greater than the actual quality of the product or service, the customer will be dissatisfied. When a customer is not satisfied he/she would simple stop requiring the product or service I. . stop buying them. When a customer stops buying a product or service that mean the organisation looses that customer because the customer would go and look for a better replacement. If customers of an organisation are not satisfied with the product or service that, that organisation produces, then the organisation is not only loosing it customers but also looses it money. An unsatis fied customer is a customer who’d give bad publicity to the business, and as long as the word is out the business would start losing money because there would be no customers to buy their products or services. Dissatisfaction has a negative impact on the profitability of the organisation, which would eventually turn into loses and the collapse of the business. Mere Satisfaction When a customer is merely satisfied, it means that customer expectation is equal to the actual quality of the product or service. Merely satisfied customers are not enough for an organisation to become very profitable, instead the organisation maybe on the edge of collapsing. Customers may patronize the organisation out of loyalty, but for most customers, they’d be looking for somewhere to get extra value for their money’s worth. An organisation which offers products or services that merely satisfy it customer wouldn’t be very profitable. Either the organisation works on their quality to get delighted customers or shut down for good because in the long run the organisation would collapse. It will collapse because at the end of the day all the customers would leave to look for an organisation that will offer them better products or services. Delighted customer When a customer is delighted, it means that the actual quality of the product or services exceeds the customers expectation. A delighted customer has little incentive to even consider other brands. On the contrary, by changing brands they risk loosing some of their current delight. The organisation which delights it customers would become very profitable and have a great publicity. Old customer will keep on buying from that organisation and bringing new customer to the organisation.

Guide on How to Write a Definition Essay All You Need to Know!

Guide on How to Write a Definition Essay All You Need to Know! Writing an essay often requires defining a specific term and conducting profound research in order to interpret the meaning. Some disciplines may pose a challenge for students when they face some difficult notions or theories. In this way, they should look for various sources in the attempt to explain the meaning of the term, relate the definition to one’s life experiences, and form a personal opinion. It often comes that you may find contrasting ideas and interpretations of specific definitions on the web, though you need to base your opinion on the background knowledge and mix of various ideas. What is a Definition? According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word definition implies â€Å"a statement of the exact meaning of a word, especially in a dictionary.† Therefore, a person who tries to form a definition of the word should explain its essence. While forming a definition, one should smoothly move from the abstract to the concrete meaning. Writing a definition essay, you should not simply provide the definition, but also expand upon the meaning and add your interpretation based on the life experience. You are required to send a new message and bring an emotional appeal to the target audience in order to establish trust and render emotions. Guide to Selecting the Right Word 1. Select an abstract word with different meanings While forming a definition, choosing a simple word may pose difficulties to dwell upon it in the essay. Thus, a complex word may be the ultimate decision to move from abstract to concrete meaning. In linguistic terms, a word has semantic fields implying that it has a range of different meanings, which may resemble each other in its shade. One should always rely on the primary meaning of the word to shape the ultimate definition. Using more abstract nouns can help you expand upon the definition and structure it into various elements. For instance, the abstract word love can be used more widely than the word affection. This word constitutes a concept and may include different shades in its meaning, ranging from mother’s love to her children to physical love. 2. Choose a debatable word The word used to form a definition should be disputable enough, so that you may construct your own opinion. While analyzing a definition, you should interpret the meaning from your perspective and come to a certain conclusion. You are required to contribute to the primary meaning of the definition in an attempt to create a coherent and extensive definition. 3. Select a familiar word Relying on the dictionary is good, though you should always choose the word you are familiar with to incorporate it into the definition. While you should develop the meaning of the word you select, it is important to apply both theoretical and practical knowledge to shape the definition. 4. Check a dictionary definition Before analyzing a specific concept, it is advised to turn to the dictionary in order to find an academic explanation of its meaning. For instance, based on the online etymological dictionary, the word anxiety derives from Latin anxietatem implying â€Å"apprehension caused by danger, misfortune, or error, the uneasiness of mind respecting some uncertainty, a restless dread of some evil.† In this way, you may compare your understanding of the definition with the registered one and form your thoughts based on the formal explanation. 5. Find an etymological meaning of the word Thus, except for the dictionary meaning, you may find the origin and history of the word, which can be related to the specific historic period and existing norms of that time. Compiling an Effective Definition: A Few Tips from Our Writers Divide a word into different morphological parts and derive its meaning separately. For instance, the word deconstruct can be separated into prefix de, and the base morpheme construct. In this context, de presupposes â€Å"down, away, off, from among,† which forms a negation in the word. Therefore, you may rely on the significance of the prefix and then, come to the philosophical interpretation of the word depending on the context of its use. Provide a classification of the word and define the part of speech it belongs to. You may compare the notion to other similar notions that relate to the same class. In this way, you may distinguish the differences between them and differentiate the most important features of the word’s meaning. For instance, based on the Longman Dictionary, pine is â€Å"a tall tree with long hard sharp leaves† in comparison to other trees such as maple, oak, birch, or cherry. Define the function of the word by telling what it means. You should explain how it is related to other words in a specific context. Compare a term you are not acquainted with to something more familiar to you. For instance, you may explain an uncommon for most people term by using the words that are more familiar to average people. For example, the word effete, which is not commonly used, can be substituted with the word over-refined or used in a different shade like feminine. Define the physical characteristics of the word to visualize its meaning. For instance, the abstract word childhood may not only indicate the physical attribute of age, but also feelings and states, such as coziness, warmness, and even anxiety you may feel during childhood. Use negation in order to explain the definition. For instance, while defining the word anxiety, you may contrast it with the word peace to explain its meaning. You are welcome to use anecdotes and examples to express the meaning of the definition. You can pose some questions to yourself like: Which examples can be applicable to the given definition? In what way can I appeal to the readers? Will this anecdote convey the term’s meaning? Organizing a Structure 1. Indicate the dictionary definition in the introduction In the introductory paragraph, you are required to quote the word-for-word definition from a trustworthy dictionary. Therefore, you may produce space for your own interpretation, which can be amplified by your background knowledge. Then, you may elaborate on the given term you have to analyze. 2. Give a definition of the term in the thesis In the thesis statement, you should determine the term in your own perspective. Note that the definition should be clear and brief, as you will further develop it in the body. Avoid passive constructions and use more positive statements to prevent redundancy. 3. Break up various parts of the given definition into different paragraphs You should choose a specific strategy, which would help you to explore the definition in depth. Do not stick only to one tactic, as sometimes it cannot be applicable to all terms. Utilize a range of methods in the attempt to visualize the general picture of the notion. 4. Provide your own in-depth research of ideas in the main body In the main part, you should form coherent and strong topic sentences to present your claim. You should support your topic sentences with credible sources. Therefore, you are welcome to use dictionaries of different types including definition and etymological ones. Likely, you may indicate the cases in which the notion can be used, its origin, and development through history. It can also be useful to involve common fallacies faced by students in an attempt to define the term. As evidence, use your life experiences and examples to support the topic sentences. You might choose any structure you wish, though you can start the main body with the origin of the word. You should define different points in the body to appeal to the reader. After providing the history, you might make up your own definition based on dictionary meaning. You should note that after providing an interpretation of the definition, you can include specific characteristics of the word, which make it stand out. Then, you can describe your own attitude and feelings associated with the word. While forming a definition, you should identify its grammatical meaning, breaking it into several parts. This could be done by classifying the word based on its morphological composition and semantic meaning. You should also explain its usage and significance in the spheres of life it might be applicable. For instance, if the word is outdated, you should explain how it disappeared from everyday use. Define the causes and dwell upon the word’s use through a historical prism. If the word is still used on a regular basis, you can indicate its possible limitations in use. Therefore, you can identify in which contexts the word can be used and in which situations the word cannot be applicable. In addition, define the effectiveness of the word and its impact on human perception. 5. Summarize your thoughts In the concluding paragraph, you should reiterate the main points you covered in the body paragraph. Pay close attention to the topic sentence in order to distinguish the major points. You may also include limitations or recommendations to leave food for thoughts for the reader. 6. Highlight the associations you have with the given definition If you can relate your own stories and feelings to the given definition, you are welcome to include your thoughts in conclusion. If you show the role of definition in your life, the reader is more likely to be engaged in reading the guideline. Definition Topics You should remember that choosing abstract nouns for compiling the definition is the best strategy for analysis. While all people are acquainted with common nouns, it is better to dwell upon uncountable complex nouns. Some of the most known abstract concepts involve love, happiness, family, religion, life, and death. These are possible definition essay topics: How to Find the Meaning in Life If There Is No Meaning in Life? What Is the Concept of Temporality from the Existentialist Point of View? Define the Notion of Love Based on the Elements of Eros, Philia, and Agape; Define the Notion of Solitude in Plato’s Interpretation; How to Define Type of Personality Based on Body Language? How to Struggle Anxiety If the Life Always Poses a Challenge? What Does It Mean to Be a True Self? How to Get Positivity in the Cases of Disappointment and Sufferings? Define the Concept of Life from the Existentialist Perspective; Define the Notion of Fear of Death Based on Religious Theories. Definition Writing Tips from Our Experts When shaping a definition, you should not be biased and provide different viewpoints based on several sources. You are welcome to use encyclopedias and dictionaries to check the registered academic definitions. Always include examples and life stories to illustrate how the word is used. You may include common mistakes related to the word’s usage and underline its application in everyday life. Do not merely provide a copy of the exact definition from the dictionary. Always provide your own interpretation of the word or paraphrase it in your own way. Provide a unique definition that does not only comply with academic one. Check spelling and grammar before submitting a final draft. Select a notion that you understand and to which you can relate your own experience. If you do not understand the term, you may consult your instructor and receive an in-depth explanation of the notion. Include many perspectives on the interpretation of the notion. You may cover such points as etymological meaning, functions, uses, effectiveness, and limitations. You can include both similarities and differences to compare the term with others and define its unique characteristics. When coming up with the definition, do not start with when or where. Follow a logical flow of ideas and keep a coherent structure throughout your essay. You should have a clear introduction with a thesis statement, the main body, and conclusion. Pick up the broad term as the too narrow topic may restrain you from writing a well-grounded guide definition. Though, a topic should be neither too broad nor too specific in order to take different perspectives. Try to use smooth transitions in the guideline to combine various types of your essay. Write in accordance with the word count to produce a succinct and coherent guide definition. References Anxiety. (n.d.) In Online etymology dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etymonline.com/ Definition. (n.d.) In Oxford Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Definition Essay: A Powerful Guide to Writing an Excellent Paper | PrivateWriting. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.privatewriting.com/blog/definition-essay Definition essay writing help, ideas, topics, examples. (2018). Retrieved from https://essayinfo.com/essays/definition-essay/ Essay Writing Guide: Definition Essay. (2018). Retrieved from word-mart.com/html/definition_essay.html How to Write a Definition Essay | English Composition I: Rhetorical Methods–Based. (2018). Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1v2xmaster/chapter/how-to-write-a-definition-essay/ Pine. (n.d.) In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Retrieved from https://www.ldoceonline.com/ Tips and Hints on How to Write a Definition Essay: Guides A Research Guide for Students. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aresearchguide.com/tips-hints-write-definition-essay.html

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CHURCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE CHURCH - Essay Example nt and as such cannot cause conflict, in most cases, disregarding these sources creates bigger conflicts that could even contribute to bother breakup of the church. Although the church embraces morals in its operations, understanding the differences in the backgrounds of the members and leaders is important in dealing with conflict whenever they arise. Church attendance is one of the most important sources of conflict in the church. An increase and a decrease in people’s attendance in the church both have similar effects. They have a high likelihood of creating conflicts. While an increase in the number of people in the church raises an alarm to individuals holding leadership positions in the church, as they risk competition, a decrease in the attendance levels is an indication of poor leadership skills among the leaders (Turner 1991, p. 6). This could thus lead to a conflict between the members of the church and their leaders. Annual budget is yet another source of conflict in a church. Some of the people could have diverse views especially in the allocation of the total income of the church. Money, now more than ever, is a highly sensitive issue in the church. Budgeting should receive the approval of most of the members of the church, if not all (Spann & Wheeler 2010,  p. 241). Time changes for the leaders especially in addressing the members of the church is an important consideration too. Some of the leaders feel superior to others and thus regard them as coming later in the protocol. Time allocated to the leaders of the church to address the members of the church could also be a good breeding ground for church conflicts. When new influential people join the church, conflict is bound to arise. In most cases, these new people appear to receive more attention than the leaders of the church, something that would not go well with the leaders. Finally, the fear of the organization being out of control could be a source of conflict as the members deliberate on the

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human rights - Essay Example You are contacted by Corinne, who is a nurse who enjoys eating chocolate flavoured cereal. She has heard about the proposed legislation and is worried. If the Bill becomes law, and her employers try to stop her from eating coco pops, will she be able to challenge this in the courts? If so, how would the courts approach her claim. If the proposed Bill becomes law and the employees of Corinne stop her from eating coco pops, then Corrine can challenge this in the courts. Under the Human Rights Act, 1998 of United Kingdom, Corinne can appeal in UK courts against the Bill. The Act is meant to provide remedy to the aggrieved parties in the UK courts itself without their having to go to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg Germany. European court of Human Rights is the supra-national court of last resort for human rights. On the Appeal of Corinne against the new law in the UK courts, the UK courts will interpret the new law to check whether it is compatible with the articles of the European Human Rights Convention or not. The Human Rights Act of 1998 makes it unlawful for any public body to act in a way which is incompatible with the European Human rights convention, unless such an incompatible act is supported by an Act of the Parliament (Ovey, Clare; White, Robin C. A. ,2006). Now the proposed â€Å"healthy breakfast† bill proposes that all the civil servants, NHS staff and police officers will have to eat unsweetened porridge for breakfast. This proposal is based on a research that shows that consumption of too much sugar early in the morning causes people to lose concentration later in the day. The bill further proposes that failure to do so will be a criminal offence. Section 31 of the bill authorizes random blood sugar tests and home inspection. This proposed bill, if passed into an act, will be a blatant violation of the European Human Rights Convention. Article 8 of the European Convention on Human

TESLA Model X , SWOT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TESLA Model X , SWOT - Essay Example This in itself is a source of competitive advantage for the company. The company is unique in that there is not yet any other player in the industry that has manufactured a vehicle that matches Tesla’s innovative vehicle. As noted by Porter (1985), differentiation strategy gives the company a competitive edge over other players in that its products cannot be matched by other rival competitors. This will help the company to appeal to the interests of many customers by virtue of possessing unique features which make the vehicle exceptional. The other advantage of the company is that Model X car is efficient as a result of the fact that it is an electrified vehicle. This means that the customers will experience fewer expenses in the future since the vehicle does not use any form of fossil fuel. This comes against the background of rising fuel prices across the globe. However, the major weaknesses of this model car are that it is electric and it is expensive. The price is high as a result of the fact that it is expensive to manufacture. Honestly, there may be very few customers who may be ready to fork out more than $60Â  000 buying a vehicle. The price is too much such that ordinary people may not be in a position to afford it. it can also be seen that the automobile industry is also characterised by other players some of which are reputable such as Toyota and Daimler. These cars also have their own hybrid cars that do not use fossil fuel and they may pose a threat to Tesla Motors. According to Robson (1997), competition in the environment is one major threat that can impact on the viability of the organization. This is the case in terms of Tesla since the other competitors can also offer their hybrid cars that can also attract many customers since they are environmental friendly. Therefore, it is imperative for Tesla motors to capitalise on it s strengths and opportunities in order to gain a competitive advantage while at the same